Calling Taikong: a study report on the future space science program in China

By observing the Sun with high spatial resolution and multiple frequencies， Solar Microscope Program aims to study the basic physical processes， such as the solar inner structure evolution， the origin of magnetic fields， the coronal structure and dynamics， and to trigger mechanisms of solar bursts and particle acceleration mechanisms.It intends to answer a series of major questions such as the nature of magnetic elements， the small—scale magnetic characteristics， the energy process of solar flares， the characteristics of CME source region， etc.Major missions proposed include Deep space Solar Observatory （DSO）， Solar Polar Region Explorer （SPORE） ， Super High Angular Resolution Principle for coded—mask X—ray imaging （SHARP—X） and Multi—layer Exploration of Solar Magnetic and Velocity field （MESMV）.The scientific goal of DSO is to study solar local magnetic structures with high accuracy and high spatial resolution of o.i—o.is arcseconds.This is expected to achieve major breakthroughs in solar physics through accurate observation of magnetic elements， together with observations at multiple frequencies， so as to provide an important grounding in physics and new methods for space

weather forecasting.SPORE mainly focuses on the scientific questions about solar eruption mechanism.It will operate in a solar polar orbit， to observe， for the first time， the magnetic field in solar—pole regions and its velocity field through spectral and imaging observations， so as to unveil the mechanism of solar activity cycle and understand the origin of high—speed solar wind.SHARP—X will observe the Sun in hard X—rays with a spatial resolution of subarcseconds for the first time， and study the structure， evolution， acceleration and transportation mechanism of energetic particles in solar flares.MESMV aims to obtain the information of the solar magnetic field and the velocity field at different layers， advance our understanding of the transfer and evolution of substances and magnetic energy from the bottom of the photosphere to the corona， so as to make great breakthroughs in physical studies concerning solar eruption mechanism and solar active region， as well as to provide physical basis and new methods for space weather forecasting.