Language: English
ISBN/ISSN: 9787030440884
Published on: 2015-06
Soft Cover
Asian Archaeology, an annual, English-language journal, is edited by the Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University, a Chinese Ministry of Education sponsored Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities. The nine papers in this volume include research essays and reports from archaeological investigations covering regions of East Asia— including China—and the Eurasian Steppe. Their research topics include the origins of agriculture, settlement pattern change, and cultural exchange and interaction. These papers present new archaeological data and research on them, as well as studies in scientific archaeology, including ancient DNA analyses and materials analyses of ancient objects.
Digest:
Demography and Conflict During the Warring States and Han Periods in Northern Liaoning
James T. Williams (丁山)
Abstract: This paper focuses on the subsistence economies in the Zhangwu region in North-east China where environmental conditions were conducive to specialized mobile herding. This region is also the intersection of historically documented Warring States polities and groups they may have been in conflict with.
The paper examines the environmental conditions， economic practices， the demography， and the settlement patterning of human communities during the period from 600 BCE to 200 CE. These patterns have implications on how we understand the frontiers， borders and boundaries of early Chinese states. The economic practices of “Outsider” communities have fascinated an-cient historians and modern archaeologists. This paper will provide new evidence which can be used to complement the historical understanding of the Chinese periphery. Furthermore， this paper explores the relationships between peripheral populations and statecraft.
Key Words: Warring States Period； settlement pattern； population； pastoralism； warfare
As the name of the period suggest， conflict is a popular topic of research among scholars of the Warring States period (ca. 475 BCE to ca. 200 BCE) (Yates 1988； Lewis 1990， 1999； Di Cosmo 2002； Hofmann 2012). Based on ceramic ty-pologies， the longer archaeologically defined “Warring States and Han” period from (ca. 600 BCE to ca. 200 CE) (Chifeng 2003， 2011: 20–22； Williams 2014) includes the historically defined periods including most of the Spring and Au-tumn period (ca. 771 BCE to ca. 475 BCE) and the Han汉period (ca. 200 BCE to ca. 200 CE). Violence and conflict are also popular subjects of research during the Spring and Autumn pe-riod (Lewis 2000: 366) as well as the Han (Loewe 1986， 2005). Combined， the periods from about 600 BCE to 200 CE represent what can roughly be described as the Iron Age in Northeast China， a period of comparative in-stability and conflict in this region.
This paper describes the population compo-sition and the settlement pattern from this pe-riod (600 BCE to 200 CE). Using regional survey data and collections of ceramic scatters， this paper will analyze the average conditions of settle-ment for the Warring States and Han period or Iron Age (ca. 600 BCE to ca. 200 CE). Regional conflict may have played an important role in the settlement patterning for this period. By investigating the social and environmental conditions， we can arrive at a better under-standing of the relative importance of these conditions in the organization of human set-tlement. The goal， therefore， is to offer insights into the relationship among macro-regional political organization， environment， and the everyday living conditions that produce a set-tlement pattern.
What is now northern China has been di-vided by both ancient historians and modern archaeologists into north and south. In the south， an area covering much of Liaoning 辽宁， Hebei 河北， Shaanxi 陕西， and Shanxi 山西 provinces， it is thought that sedentary farmers lived under the political umbrella of Chinese dynasties and large regional states. Throughout the Zhou 周， Qin 秦， and Han periods， as dy-nastic power waxed and waned， the control of this region changed hands. But even as power changed hands during these periods， political organization south of the Great Wall predom-inantly remained in the hands of large regional polities. Specifically， in this location during the 800-year period (600 BCE to 200 CE) that is of concern to this study， the state of Yan 燕 is the major state in the region for about the first 400 years. The Qin controlled this territory for a period from 221 to 207 BCE before it fell and reverted back to the state of Yan and was then， in 195 BCE， subsequently subsumed under Han political control until 220 CE.
In the north (the provinces of Jilin 吉林， Heilongjiang 黑龙江， eastern Inner Mongolia and northern Liaoning 辽宁)， societies whose economies are based on mobile herding are thought to characterize the region. As early as the Bronze Age (2000 BCE)， people living north of the Great Wall or what would later become the Great Wall generally have been described by both ancient historians and modern archae-ologists as animal herders with settlement mobility. The peoples mentioned above are thought to be generally more residentially mobile and rely more heavily on wild and domestic animals (Di Cosmo 1996， 1999， 2002； Guo 2012； Shelach 2009； So and Bunker 1995). For some scholars， this form of economy and residential mobility has implications for the political organization of these groups.
The study area covers 173 km² at roughly 44.5 degrees north and 44 degrees east， near mo- dern-day Zhangwu 彰武， just outside the re-gion thought to have been under control of the Yan state and later the Han， but there would have been frequent interaction between those within the Yan and Han polities and those outside its boundaries (Sun 20
Demography and Conflict During the Warring States and Han Periods in Northern Liaoning
James T. Williams 1
The Initial Spread of Early Agriculture into Northeast Asia
Kazuo Miyamoto 11
Comparative Analysis of Economic Activities During the Neolithic in the Sanjiang Plain and the Middle and Lower Heilongjiang River Valley
Zhao Binfu， He Qiang， Zhao Juan 27
Environmental Preconditions and Human Response: Settlement Patterns and Subsistence
Practices in the Prehistoric Liangshan Region， Southwest China
Anke Hein 39
The Transformation of Cultural Exchange Between North China and the Eurasian Steppe fromthe Late Warring States Period to the Middle Western Han
Pan Ling 95
Contact and Exchange in Northern China: A Case Study on the Tomb of a Zoroastrian Sogdian， Kang Ye (512–571 CE)
Mandy Jui-man Wu 107
Paleopathological Study of Human Remains from the Bronze Age Shilinggang Site in Nujiang， Yunnan， Southwest China
Zhao Dongyue， Zhu Hong， Kang Lihong 129
In Pursuit of Evidence for Local Production of Bohai Tricolored Earthenware: Chemical Analyses of Lead Glaze Ceramics Excavated from Kraskino and Gorbatka in the Russian Maritime Province
Furihata Junko， Nakamura Akiko， Shoda Shinya， Evgeniya Gelman， Saito Tsutomu， Kojima Yoshitaka 145
Molecular Archaeological Research on Ancient Cattle from the Early Bronze Age Changning
Site， Qinghai Province
Cai Dawei， Luan Yiting， Gao Yayun， Chen Xi， Tang Zhuowei， Ren Xiaoyan， Zhou Hui 167
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