Global Tea Breeding: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives

Global Tea Breeding: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives
The tea plant, as a unique crop, from cultivation to harvesting, does not fit into any typical cropping pattern. The production of tea, from processing to marketing,is also specific. The world tea community has lacked a monograph on the subject of tea germplasm and breeding for about 20 years. In recent years, the main tea producing countries have progressed significantly in the field of tea breeding. At the same time, they are facing big challenges owing to the progress of science and technology and the serious demands for tea quality and consistency. 

1 Delicious and Healthy Tea： An Overview
1.1 Development of the Global Tea Industry
1.2 Botanical Characteristics
1.3 Genetics and Breeding
1.4 Physiology and Biochemistry
1.5 Kinds of Tea and Manufacture
1.6 Tea and Human Health
1.6.1 Antisenile Activity
1.6.2 Improvement in Immunity
1.6.3 Anticaries
1.6.4 Reduction in Blood—Cholesterol and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disorders
1.6.5 Anticarcinogenic Activity
References
Tea Germplasm and Breeding in China
2.1 General Introduction to the Chinese Tea Industry
2.1.1 Historical Development of the Tea Industry
2.1.2 Location and Distribution of Tea Areas
2.1.3 Tea Production and Its Global Standing
2.2 Collection， Conservation， Appraisal and Utilization of Tea Germplasm
2.2.1 Collection and Conservation
2.2.2 Appraisal and Utilization
2.3 Tea Breeding and Selection Techniques
2.3.1 Breeding Techniques
2.3.2 Selection Techniques Used for Yield， Quality and Resistance.
2.3.3 Local Adaptability Tests and Registration
2.4 Propagation and Extension System of New Cultivars
2.4.1 Propagation Techniques
2.4.2 Extension Systems
2.4.3 Strategy for Promotion of New Cultivars
2.4.4 The Intellectual Property Protection of New Cultivars
2.5 Developments and Prospects for Tea Breeding
2.5.1 Precise Appraisal of Tea Germplasms
2.5.2 Isolation and Application of Functional Genes
2.5.3 Marker—Assisted Selection
2.5.4 Genetic Transformation
2.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
3 Breeding of the Tea Plant （Camellia sinensis） in India
3.1 General Introduction to the Indian Tea Industry
3.1.1 Historical Introduction to the Tea Industry
3.1.2 Global Standing
3.1.3 Type of Tea Produced
3.1.4 Climate
3.2 Tea Germplasm Collection， Conservation， Appraisal
3.2.1 Collection and Conservation
3.2.2 Appraisal and Utilization
3.2.3 Assam Tea and Its Quality
3.3 Tea Breeding and Selection Techniques
3.3.1 Breeding Techniques
3.3.2 Selection Techniques Used for Yield， Resistance and Quality
3.3.3 Local Adaptability Tests and Registration Systems
3.3.4 Value Added Products and Cultivars Used
3.4 Propagation and Extension System of New Cultivars
3.4.1 Propagation Techniques
3.4.2 Extension Organization and Structure
3.4.3 Strategy for Promotion of New Cultivars
3.4.4 Cultivar Specific Issues
3.5 Research and Development
3.5.1 R&D Institutions
3.5.2 Success Stories of Research in Breeding and Selection
3.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
4 Tea Plant （Camellia sinensis） Breeding in Sri Lanka
4.1 General Introduction to the Sri Lanka Tea Industry
4.1.1 Tea Growing Areas in Sri Lanka
4.1.2 Historical Introduction to Sri Lanka Tea
4.1.3 Climate， Soil Conditions and Productivity Levels of Tea Growing Area
4.1.4 Sri Lankan Tea Industry in the International Market
4.1.5 Types of Tea Produced
4.2 Tea Germplasm Collection， Conservation and Appraisal
4.2.1 Origin of Planting Materials Used in the Country
4.2.2 Collection and Conservation Efforts
4.2.3 Characterization and Evaluation of Germplasm
4.2.4 Germplasm Utilization
4.2.5 Germplasm Enhancement and Pre—Breeding
4.2.6 Other Issues Related to the Germplasm
4.3 Tea Breeding and Selection
4.3.1 Early Attempts at Tea Improvement
4.3.2 Conventional Breeding and Selection Program
4.3.3 Screening and Evaluation
4.3.4 Multi—Location Adaptability Trials and Recommended Tea Cultivars
4.3.5 Dissemination of Planting Material to the Growers
4.3.6 Non—Conventional Approaches to Tea Breeding
4.3.7 Application of Biotechnological Tools for Breeding
4.3.8 Genomics to Aid Tea Breeding
4.4 Propagation and Extension System of New Cultivars
4.4.1 Propagation Techniques
4.4.2 Extension System in the Country
4.4.3 Strategy for Promotion of New Cultivars
4.4.4 Cultivar Specific Issues
4.5 Future Trends and Goals for Breeding and Selection
4.5.1 Cultivars with Expanded List of Traits
4.5.2 Diversifying Breeding Objectives
4.5.3 Handling Climate Change
4.5.4 Complementary and Cost—Effective Strategies in Germplasm Management
4.5.5 Application of Molecular Markers and Genomics
4.5.6 Decentralized Approach in Cultivar Selection
4.5.7 Perspectives for the Future
References
5 Tea Improvement in Kenya
5.1 General Introduction to the Kenya Tea Industry
5.1.1 Introduction of Tea to Africa
5.1.2 Introduction of Tea to Kenya
5.1.3 Economic Importance of Tea in Kenya
5.1.4 History of Tea Improvement in Kenya
5.2 Collection， Appraisal and Utilization of Tea Germplasm
5.2.1 The Collection and Introduction of Tea Cultivars
5.2.2 The Relative Tea Species
5.3 Current Tea Breeding Strategies
5.3.1 Breeding and Clonal Selection
5.3.2 Combining Abilities
5.3.3 Registration for Plant Breeders' Rights and Adoption of New Cultivars
5.4 Future Strategies and Opportunities
5.4.1 Tissue Culture
5.4.2 Mutation Breeding
5.4.3 Genetic Transformation in Tea
5.4.4 Breeding for Medicinal Tea
5.4.5 Quantitative Trait Loci （QTLs） Mapping
5.4.6 From Conventional to Molecular Breeding
5.4.7 Participatory Crop Improvement： Involvement of
Farmers in Tea Improvement
5.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
6 Japanese Tea Breeding History and the Future Perspective
6.1 The Japanese Tea Industry and Issues in Breeding
6.1.1 History of Japanese Tea
6.1.2 The Original Japanese Tea
6.1.3 Japanese Tea Breeding History
6.1.4 The Major Japanese Cultivars
6.1.5 Japan's Major Tea—Growing Districts and Their Climate
6.1.6 Issues Facing the Japanese Tea Industry
6.2 The Challenge of Continuous Breeding Improvement
6.2.1 Generational Acceleration and Appropriate Selection： Key Technologies in Tea Breeding
6.2.2 Marker—Assisted Selection
6.2.3 Importance of Germplasm for Breeding， Especially in Regard to MAS
6.2.4 Construction of Integrated Genetic Linkage Maps
6.2.5 Toward an Era of Genomic Selection
References
7 Breeding of Tea Plant （Camellia sinensis） in Vietnam
7.1 General Introduction to the Tea Industry of Vietnam
7.1.1 Brief Tea Production History
7.1.2 Acreage， Productivity and Exports
7.1.3 Main Tea Products
7.1.4 Ecological Conditions of Some Main Tea Growing Regions.
7.2 Tea Genetic Resources in Vietnam
7.2.1 Tea Germplasm Plays Crucial Role in Tea Breeding
7.2.2 Situation of Collecting， Conservation， Evaluation
7.3 Breeding and Selection Techniques
7.3.1 Procedures of Tea Breeding
7.3.2 Methods of Tea Breeding and Selection
……
8 Tea Plant （Camellia sinensis） Breeding in Korea
9 Tea Germplasm and Improvement in Bangladesh
10 The Development of High Yielding Tea Clones to Increase Indonesian Tea Production
11 The Tea Industry and Improvements in Turkey
12 Tea Improvement in Nigeria.
13 Genetics and Chemistry of the Resistance of Tea Plant to Pests.
14 Germplasm and Breeding Research of Tea Plant Based on DNA Marker Approaches
Appendix
Index