Language: Chinese and English bilingual
ISBN/ISSN: 7030160096
Published on: 2005-01
Hardcover
The earliest jades known in Shaanxi, small in number and type, and simple in shape and working technique, belong to the Laoguantai Culture. The distribution of jades belonging to the Yangshao Culture currently ia primarily in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. The largest number of jades was discovered at the site of Longgangsi, Nanzheng. Representative types include the jade knife with drilled holes and middle spine, and a turquoise arc-shaped pendant(huang) taking the shape of the〝凹〞graph. In addition the The-shaped black jade hairpin is another widely distributed type associated with the Yangshao Culture.
Longshan period jades are primarily distributed in northern Shaanxi, as represented by Shimao and Xinhua in Shenmu, and Lushanmao in Yan’an, and secondarily are distributed in the Guanzhong area. The most popular jade type of this era are the jade yazhang(zhang scepter with flaking edge serrations) and large knife.
Various prehistoric cultural jades continue to appear in later dated tombs and sites in Shaanxi. The few Shang jades that have been discovered in Shaanxi are mostly concentrated in the eastern suburbs of Xi’an at Laoniupo and the Fengji tomb at Liujia, Fufeng.
Approximately 3,000 jades are known to have been unearthed from Western Zhou tombs in Shaanxi, and these come primarily from three areas, including Zhouyuan between Fufeng and Qishan, State Yu cemetery at Baoji Municipality, and Fenghao area in Chang’an. The number and quality of jades, and size of the tomb directly reflect the status of the deceased during Western Zhou times. Types are fairly standardized, in consisting of four categories: ritual, ornamental, utilitarian and burial jades. The majority of Western Zhou jades are carved into flat pieces that emphasize a cut-out type of profile, and three-dimensional figurines are rarely seen.
Approximately 1,500 jades have been unearthed from Spring and Autumn and Warring States tombs in Shaanxi. In Shaanxi, Spring and Autumn period jades are primarily Qin in style yet a sizeable number are also Chu in style, as represented, for example, by the jade disk(bi), huang and belt buckle from Tomb No.2 at Yimen. Qin style jades during the Warring States period are represented by two types, which are the hallmark of Qin style throughout the Warring States period.
Over 300 jades of Han period have been excavated in Shaanxi, with the most important coming from the surroundings of Xi’an and from the Western Han Imperial Mausoleum in Yuanshang, Xianyang. The highest ranking jade of Han period yet discovered is the “ The Imperial Seal of the Empress” unearthed in the vicinity of the Changing Mausoleum. On the basis of the script style and location of the discovery, it is likely that this jade seal was used by the early Han Empress Lu.
One of the more prominent forms of Han jades, in terms of number in Shaanxi is the jade bi, with a multitude of decorative types. During the short period of Northern Zhou and Sui, when the capital was located at Chang’an, Shaanxi, although jade production and use was at low ebb, a small quantity of expertly worked jades has been discovered.
The great and powerful empire of the Tang, economically flourishing and internationally reknown, was stimulus for recovering the masterful art of jade-working. Over a half a century, excavations have uncovered over 100 groups of characteristic and special Tang jades from Chang’an and its environs.
There are only a few noteworthy jade discoveries known from the Song and Jin periods in Shaanxi, such as the natural and descriptive human figurine sculpted in the round from Xujiazhai, Weiyangqu, Xi’an.
The most significant jades in Shaanxi of Yuan period include various distinctive pieces, one of which is a round-shaped pendant featuring an openwork décor of plum blossoms, made out of dense jade, with an outer edge decorated with a circular ring of bamboo nodules and openwork bamboo leaves and plum flowers.
The few examples of Ming and Qing jades unearthed from Shaanxi are primarily jade belts.
Contents
Jades Unearthed From the areas of Shannxi
Chronology
1.Blade
2.Spade
3.Spade
4.Hairpin
5.Three Pendants
6.Disc(bi)
7.Set of Four Arc-shaped Pendants
8.Blade
9.Blade
10.Axe(yue)
11.Axe
12.Spade
13.Spade
14.Spade
15.Figure in the Shape of a Human Head
16.Hairpin With Phoenix-shaped Finial
17.Scepter(zhang)
18.Scepter(zhang)
19.Scepter(zhang)
20.Disc With Notches
21.Axe(yue)
22.Tube(cong) With Animal Mask Decoration
23.Tube(cong) With Animal Mask Decoration
24.Hairpin in the Shape of an Owl
25.Ornament in the Shape of a Coiled Dragon
26.Pendant With Hooked Cloud Decoration
27.Pendant in the Shape of a Human Head
28.Pendant in the Shape of a Human Head
29.Object in the Shape of a Handle
30.Dagger-axe(ge)
31.Tube(cong)
32.Pendant in the Shape of an Owl
33.Pair of Pendants in the Shape of Parrots
34.Dagger-axe(ge)
35.Dagger-axe(ge) With Phoenix Decoration
36.Dagger-axe(ge) With Dragon Decoration
37.Disc(bi)
38.Disc(bi)
39.Arc-shaped Pendant(huang) With Dragon Decoration
40.Arc-shaped Pendant(huang) With Phoenix Decoration
41.Pendant in the Shape of a Parrot
42.Tube(cong)
43.Tube(cong)
44.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
45.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
46.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
47.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
48.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
49.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
50.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
51.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
52.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
53.Pendant in the Shape of a Phoenix
54.Pendant With Phoenix Decoration
55.Pair of Pendants in the Shape of Phoenixes
56.Pendant in the Shape of a Fish
57.Pendant in the Shape of a Fish
58.Pair of Pendants in the Shape of Fish
59.Pendant in the Shape of an Ox Head
60.Pendant in the Shape of an Ox
61.Pendant in the Shape of a Tiger
62.Pendant in the Shape of a Tiger
63.Pendant in the Shape of a Tiger
64.Pendant in the Shape of a Stag
65.Pendant in the Shape of a Stag
66.Pendant in the Shape of a Deer
67.Pendant in the Shape of a Turtle
68.Pendant in the Shape of a Rabbit
69.Pendant in the Shape of a Cicada
70.Pendant in the Shape of a Silkworm
71.Pendant in the Shape of a Silkworm
72.Set of Pendants
73.Set of Pendants
74.Pendant in the Shape of a Human
75.Pendant With Human Head And Dragon Decoration
76.Pendant in the Shape of a Human With Dragon Head-shaped Crown
77.Pendant With Two Human Heads, Dragon And Phoenix Decoration
78.Pendant With a Human Head, Dragon And Phoenix Decoration
79.Ornament in the Shape of a Stick
80.Ear Spoon
81.Face Cover
82.Pair of Tubes
83.Object in the Shape of a Handle With Phoenix Decoration
84.Dagger-axe(ge)
85.Disc(bi)
86.Rectangular Ornament
87.Pendant in the Shape of a Lantern
88.Three Pendants in the Shape of Chinese Character “亚”
89.Pendant in the Shape of a Chinese Character“亚”
90.Pendant in the Shape of a Saddle
91.Round Pendant
92.Pendant in the Shape of a Chinese Stone
93.Triangle-shaped Pendant
94.Trapezoidal Plaque
95.Pendant in the Shape of a Shield
96.Pendant in the Shape of a Chisel
97.Arc-shaped Pendant(huang) With Dragon Decoration
98.Arc-shaped Pendant(huang) With Dragon Decoration
99.Pendant in the Shape of Analysis Ox
100.Pendant in the Shape of Analysis Elephant
101.Axe-shaped Pendant
102.Tubular Pendant
103.Pendant in the Shape of a Tiger
104.Ring With Plaited Cord Decoration
105.Belt Hook With Snake Head Decoration
106.Belt Hook With Bird Head Decoration
107.Belt Hook in the Shape of a Duck
108.Notched Ornament
109.Pair of Pendants in the Shape of Dragons
110.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
111.Ornament in the Shape of a Chinese Character“工”
112.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon And a Phoenix
113.Ring
114.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
115.Pendant in the Shape of a Dragon
116.Disc(bi)
117.Cup
118.Pointed Pendant(Xi) With Dragon Decoration
119.Ornament With Animal Mask Decoration
120.Seal of Empress
121.Seal
122.Seal
123.Four Scepters(gui)
124.Four Scepters(gui)
125.Disc(bi)
126.Disc(bi)
127.Disc(bi)
128.Disc(bi)
129.Disc(bi)
130.Disc(bi)
131.Disc(bi)
132.Knocker With Four Mythical Animals
133.Belt Hook Composed of Seven Segments
134.Belt Hook
135.Pendant in the Shape of a Heart
136.Pendant in the Shape of a Heart
137.Pendant in the Shape of a Heart
138.Arc-shaped Pendant(heng) With Two Dragon Heads
139.Arc-shaped Pendant(heng) With Two Dragon Heads
140.Pointed Pendant(Xi) in the Shape of a Phoenix
141.Pair of Pointed Pendant (Xi) in the Shape of Dragon
142.Pendant
143.Pair of Pendants in the Shape of Phoenixes
144.Ring With Monkey And Bear Decoration
145.Pair of Dancer
146.Pair of Dancers
147.Set of Pendants
148.Sword Pommel With Dragon And Tiger Decoration
149.Sword Pommel in the Shape of a Hawk
150.Sword Guard With Feline Dragon Decoration
151.Scabbard Slide With Feline Dragon Decoration
152.Coin
153.Cicada
154.Boar
155.Stem Cup
156.Human Head
157.Figurine of Analysis Immortal Riding a Horse
158.Pair of Pigs
159.Buffalo
160.Hawk
161.Bear
162.Unicorn
163.Imaginary Beast(bixie)
164.Imaginary Beast(bixie)
165.Disc(bi)
166.Disc(bi) With Analysis Openwork Feline Dragon
167.Pendant in the Shape of a Heart
168.Pig
169.Pig
170.Pig
171.Imaginary Beast(bixie)
172.Pair of Pigs
173.Disc(bi)
174.Sword Chape
175.Set of Belt Plaques
176.Necklace
177.Set of Pendants
178.Set of Pendants
179.Three Hairpins
180.Pendant in the Shape of a Beast
181.Cup
182.Set of Belt Plaques
183.Set of Belt Plaques
184.Set of Belt Plaques
185.Belt Chape
186.Set of Belt Plaques
187.Set of Belt Plaques
188.Set of Belt Plaques
189.Set of Belt Plaques
190.Set of Belt Plaques
191.Set of Belt Plaques
192.Two Pendants
193.Pendant
194.Comb Spine
195.Comb Spine
196.Two Hairpins
197.Hairpin
198.Hairpin Finials
199.Hairpin Finials
200.Hairpin Finials
201.Pendant in the Shape of a Pig
202.Cosmetic Powder Box
203.Container With Flower Decoration
204.Pair of Bracelets
205.Pair of Bracelets
206.Spoon
207.Cup in the Shape of Analysis Antelope Head
208.Eight-Lobed Cup
209.Eight-Lobed Cup
210.Mortar
211.Model Coffin
212.Model Coffin
213.Component in the Shape of a Dragon Head
214.Component in the Shape of a Hawk
215.Hand-Held Piece in the Shape of a Bamboo Stem
216.Boar
217.Standing Figurine
218.Pendant in the Shape of a Bird
219.Belt Buckle With Dragon And Flower Decoration
220.Pendant With Pine Tree ,Turtle And Deer Decoration
221.Pendant in the Shape of a Phoenix
222.Pendant With Fish And Lotus Leaf Decoration
223.Round Pendant
224.Pendant in the Shape of a Peach
225.Cosmetic Powder Box With Mandarin Ducks Decoration
226.Belt Hook
227.Belt Hook With Feline Dragon Decoration
228.Belt Hook
229.Pendant Representing a Shepherd Boy Pasturing a Water Buffalo
230.Four Pendants in the Shape of Geese
231.Set of Belt Plaques
232.Belt Buckle With Feline Dragon Decoration
233.Belt Plaque With Dragon Decoration
234.Ova-shaped Plaque With Unicorn Decoration
235.Belt Plaque in the Shape of a Peach With Dragon Decoration
236.Belt Plaque in the Shape of a Peach With Dragon Decoration
237.Pendant in the Shape of a Heart
238.Bracelet
239.Boy
240.Pendant
