Infrared Thermography for Geomechanical Model Test

Preface
Chapter 1 Overview
1.1 Background
1.2 Overview of geomechanics model tests
1.3 Overview of infrared detection
References
Chapter 2 Theoretical aspects of theinfrared
2.1 The infrared
2.2 Infrared spectralband
2.3 Radiometry fundamentals
2.3.1 Radiant energy
2.3.2 Radiant power and flux
2.3.3 Geometrical spreading of a beam
2.3.4 Radiance
2.3.5 Irradiance
2.3.6 Radiant exitance
2.3.7 Radiant intensity of a source in a given direction
2.3.8 Bouguer's law
2.3.9 Radiation scattering
2.4 Black body radiation
2.4.1 Concept of black body
2.4.2 Planck's law
2.4.3 Wien'slaw
2.4.4 Stefan—Boltzmann law
2.4.5 Exitance of a black body in a given spectral band
2.4.6 Calculation of exitance of black body
2.4.7 Thermal radiation contrast
2.5 Radiation of real bodies
2.5.1 Different types of radiator
2.5.2 Emissivity of a material
2.5.3 Stefan—Boltzmann—s law for grey body
2.5.4 Dielectric materials
2.5.5 Electrically conducting materials
References
Chapter 3 Geomechanical model test
3.1 Literature review on physical model test
3.2 Similarity theory and dimensional analysis
3.2.1 Similarity principles
3.2.2 Selection of similarity materials and ratios
3.3 Field case （prototype）
3.3.1 Site geology
3.3.2 In situ rock properties
3.4 Geomechanical model construction
3.4.1 Testing machine
3.4.2 Model dimension
3.4.3 Physico—mechanical parameters of the model
3.4.4 Rock structure simulation
3.4.5 Geomechanical model
3.5 Infrared detection
3.5.1 Thermography and imaging procedures
3.5.2 Temperature calibration
3.5.3 Image processing
References
Chapter 4 Excavation in 60° inclined strata
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Experiment
4.2.1 Rock model material
4.2.2 Geomechanical model construction
4.2.3 Excavation plan
4.2.4 Excavation method
4.3 Infrared detection
4.3.1 Infrared thermography
4.3.2 Thermal—mechanical coupling
4.4 Image processing
4.4.1 Problem statement
4.4.2 Algorithms
4.4.3 Processing and assessment
4.5 Image analysis
4.5.1 Extracting the energy release index
4.5.2 Spectral characterization
4.5.3 Principles for image analysis
4.6 Experimental results
4.6.1 Overall thermal response
4.6.2 Heat sources and thermal conduction
4.6.3 Characterization of the full—face excavation
4.6.4 Heat production mechanism in the staged excavation
4.6.5 Characterization of the staged excavation
4.7 Discussion
4.7.1 Excavation in differently inclined rocks over full—face excavation
4.7.2 Excavation in differently inclined rocks over the staged excavation
4.7.3 Sununary
References
Chapter 5 Excavationin 45°strata
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Short review of infrared detection
5.3 Experiment
5.3.1 Model construction
5.3.2 Testing procedure
5.4 Infrared detection
5.4.1 Infrared thermography
5.4.2 Energy release index
5.4.3 Image processing algorithm
5.4.4 Principles for image analysis
5.4.5 Fourier analysis
5.5 Results and Discussions
5.5.1 Overall thermal response
5.5.2 Characterization of the full—face excavation
5.5.3 Comparison between the excavation in 0° and 45° inclined strata
5.5.4 Characterization of the staged excavation
5.5.5 Summary
Chapter6 Excavation in horizontal strata
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Experiment
6.2.1 Geomechanical model construction
6.3 Infrared detection
6.3.3 Fourier transform of the thermal image
6.3.4 Enhancement of the thermalimage
6.3.5 Spectral analysis
6.4 Results and discussions
6.4.1 Overall thermal response
6.4.2 Characterization of the full—face excavation
6.4.3 Characterization of the staged excavation
6.4.4 Summary
References
Chapter 7 Overloaded tunnelin 45° inclined rocks
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Experimental
7.2.1 Geomechanical model
7.2.2 Loading path
7.3 Infrared detection
7.3.1 Infrared thermography and imaging procedures
7.3.2 Temperature calibration
7.3.3 Image processing
7.4 Fourier analysis
7.4.1 Stress wave propagation
7.4.2 Fourier transform
7.4.3 Periodicity in time domain
7.4.4 Periodicity in spatial domain
7.4.5 Physical meaning of the spatial frequency
7.4.6 Method for spectral analysis
7.5 Loading path and overall rock response
7.5.1 Energy release index
7.5.2 Loading rate
7.5.3 Characterization of the loading rate effect
7.6 Results and discussions
7.6.1 Terms and approach
7.6.2 Spectra characterization of loading state A
7.6.3 Characterization of loading cases with slow loading rate
7.6.4 Characterization of loading cases with fast loading rate
7.6.5 Discussions
7.6.6 Summary
References
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Chapter 8 Overloaded tunnel in horizontal strata
Appendix： The colered thermal images in chapter 4—8