Remote Sensing Imaging Atlas of Environmental Change in China

China is a large country by area. In situ monitoring of the environment cannot meet the demand of the society. For large areas, remote sensing is the only viable technology for environmental monitoring of the entire area. Although satellite observation capabilities as well as remotely sensed data acquired on board of satellites from both within and outside China are widely available, research is rare that targets the entire territory of China for environmental monitoring. In this paper, the process of environmental

change has been categorized into changes in driving forces, environmental change, materials transport and transformation, concentration and abundance change, exposure and infection change of human and ecosystems, and impacts. The potential in monitoring changes in these various aspects is assessed. The progress of environmental change monitoring over the entire territory of China is reviewed. It is suggested that at the methodological level, remote sensing should not only be applied to observation and experiments as well as understanding the change mechanism, but also be coupled with environmental simulation and forecasting

so as to support environmental policy making. At the application level, remote sensing should be used beyond its traditional application fields to include species diversity, biological invasion, public health, air and water quality monitoring. Finally, at the technical level, systematic research should be devoted to the improvement of operational and automatic use of remotely sensed data.

Contents

1 Introductory Maps

Global Remote Sensing Images 2

Global Remote Sensing Images in Different Seasons 4

Remote Sensing Images of China and Its Nei***oring Areas 6

Relief of China and Its Nei***oring Areas 7

Population Density 8

Ecological Function Zone 9

2 Urbanization and Urban Expansion

Urbanization Development 12

Distribution of Urban Population(1953) 12

Distribution of Urban Population(1964) 13

Distribution of Urban Population(1982) 14

Distribution of Urban Population(1990) 15

Distribution of Urban Population(2000) 16

Distribution of Urban Population(2010) 17

Main Urban Agglomeration 18

Distribution of Main Urban Agglomeration 18

The Urban Built-up Area (2011) 21

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration 22

Beijing 24

Tianjin Tangshan 26

The Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration 28

Shanghai 30

Hangzhou 32

Nanjing 34

The Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration 36

Guangzhou 38

Shenzhen 40

Other Important Cities 42

Harbin 42

Changchun 43

Shenyang 44

Xi'an 45

Chengdu 46

Kunming 47

Sanya 48

Dalian 49

3 Environmental Change of Lakes

A Brief Introduction to China's Lakes 52

Shrthking Water Surface 54

HulunNur 54

EbinurHu 56

QinghaiHu 58

Water Surface Expansion 60

Siling Co 60

Nam Co 62

Lake Envirorunental Change 64

PoyangHu 64

Chlorophyll in Poyang Hu 68

Tai Hu 70

Lake Development and Utilization 72

Aquacultuer in Hongze Hu 72

Polder and Reclamation in DongtthgHu 74

Lake Restoration from Impoldering in Dongting Hu 76

Warter Resource Utilities in Erhai 78

4 Environmental Change of Wetlands

Distribution and Change of Wetlands 82

Wetlands Distribution 82

Marsh Wetland in the Sanjiang Plain 84

The Ruoergai Plateau Wetland 86

Coastal Wetland in the Yellow River Delta 88

Coastal Wetland of Yancheng 90

Coastal Wetland of Shenzhen 92

Mangrove Wetland of Hainan 94

5 Deforestation，Conservation and Restoration

Distribution of Forest Ecology Projects 98

Deforestation 100

Menghai，Yunnan 100

Genge，Inner Mongolia 102

Wenchang，Hainan 104

Forest Preservation 106

Bu'erjin，Xinjiang 106

Huma，Heilongjiang 108

Hegang，Heilongjiang 110

Changjiang，Hainan 112

Baisha，Hainan 114

Yuanjiang，Hunan 116

Yuping，Guizhou 118

Forest R，Resoration 120

Mohe，Heilongjiang 120

Yanbian，Jilin 122

6 Land Desertification

Desertifcation and Sandification 126

Desertined Land Types and Desertification Degrees in China 126

Sandification Degrees of Land in China 127

Sandy Area in Bashang，Hebei 128

Hunshandake Sandy R，region 130

Ulan Buh Desert 132

Kubuqi DesRest 134

Minqin Sandy Region 136

Horqin Sandy Land 138

Mu Us Sandy Land 140

7 Impacts of Large-scale Projects

Qinghai-Xizang Railway 144

Impacts of Major Projects-Nagqu，Xizang 146

South-to-North Water Diversion 148

Resettlement in Xichuan，Henan 150

The Three Gorges Project 152

Three-North Shelterbelts Project-Baiquan，Heilongjiang 156

Grain for Green Pr，Project 158

Wuqi，Shaanxi 160

Yanchuan，Shaanxi 162

Zichang，Shaanxi 163

Yan'an，Shaanxi 164

8 Natural Hazards and Prevention

Flood 168

Fuyuan 168

Dongting Hu(1996) 170

Dongting Hu(1998) 172

Forest Fire 174

Lengshuijiang1 174

Huzhong 176

Drought 178

Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River，2011 178

Five Southwestem Pronces 180

Sea Ice Hazard in Liaodong Wan 182

Debris Flow in Zhouqu 184

References 186